Revenue forgone and net effective carbon rates

The revenue forgone indicator estimates the fiscal revenue that is forgone for not pricing carbon emissions at a given benchmark. This indicator, calculated at prevailing net effective carbon rates, can be used to approximate fossil fuel support provided by countries.

A dataset of the Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation (CPET) database.

Please cite the database as: OECD (2026), Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation database, https://www.oecd.org/content/oecd/en/data/datasets/carbon-pricing-and-energy-taxation-database.html (accessed on Day Month Year)

The database is designed to track developments in energy taxation and carbon pricing across a broad set of countries. It spans 79 countries, covering approximately 82% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Carbon pricing instruments, i.e. carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETSs), as well as energy taxes and subsidies, are detailed by country, sector and energy product. The use of a common methodology ensures comparability across countries. Summary indicators facilitate cross-country and cross-sector comparisons, helping policy makers keep track of progress made and identify opportunities for reform.

Net effective carbon rates