Following the adoption of the OECD Council Recommendation on Public Integrity in 2017, the Public Governance Committee (PGC), via its Working Party of Senior Public Integrity Officials (SPIO) subsidiary body, developed the OECD Public Integrity Indicators (PII) to measure the implementation of the OECD Council Recommendation on Public Integrity. The PII are complementary to the OECD Public Integrity Handbook and the OECD Public Integrity Maturity Models.
The OECD Public Integrity Indicators (PII) measure the quality and effectiveness of public integrity systems across six areas:
- Quality of Strategic Framework (data available)
- Accountability of Public Policymaking – covering conflict-of-interest, political finance, lobbying, public information, open government, and public consultation (data available)
- Effectiveness of Internal Control and Risk Management (data available)
- Integrity and Effectiveness of the Justice System (data available)
- Strength of External Oversight and Control (to be launched in 2026)
- Meritocracy of the Public Sector (to be launched in 2026)
The OECD Public Integrity Indicators provide cross-country comparative data to help policy makers and practitioners strengthen the resilience of public integrity systems towards corruption risks and prevent the mismanagement and waste of public funds. The PIIs measure the strength of standard regulatory safeguards (de jure) and implementation of these safeguards in practice (de facto). The OECD Secretariat collaborates closely with national administrations to obtain primary data collected directly from a wide range of actors across the executive, legislative and judiciary branches.
Data is collected for all 38 OECD member states (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, the United Kingdom, and the United States), four adherents to the OECD Recommendation on Public Integrity (Argentina, Kazakhstan, Morocco and Peru), and two OECD key partners (Brazil and Indonesia).
Data is presented for each area as a set of indicators (listed under “Measure”), which can be further broken down into criteria. Indicator values are calculated by counting the number of criteria fulfilled (based on OECD and other international standards) and expressing as a percentage of the total. Criteria values are binary, with a status of fulfilled represented as a 1 and a status of not fulfilled represented as a 0. Some outcome-level indicators consist of numerical rates calculated based on primary data values, either from administrative data sources (public registries) or surveys.
“Data pending” represents data that is still to be collected and/or assessed. “Data not provided” represents data that was not provided during the data collection process. “Data not available” represents data that does not exist. “Not tracking” is used to indicate when administrations do not collate existing data into a central statistical measure.