Bibliometric indicators of international collaboration

This dataset presents trends in international collaboration calculated using Elsevier's Scopus Custom Data, Elsevier, Version 1.2026.

International collaboration refers to publications co-authored among institutions in different countries. Estimates are computed for each country by counting documents for which the set of listed affiliations includes at least one address within the country and one outside.

Data are based on the main country affiliation for authors captured in at least two documents published and indexed in the Scopus database over the 2010-2024 period.

A threshold has been set and only 10 or more collaborations are presented. Publications refer to citable publications only (articles, reviews and conference proceedings).

Publications are attributed to countries on the basis of the authors' institutional affiliations. Whole counts gives equal weight of one to each of the documents authoring units.

Bilateral international collaboration intensity, normalised based on whole counts. The indicator of bilateral collaboration intensity between two economies is calculated by dividing the number of scientific publications by authors with affiliations in both economies (whole counts) by the square root of the product of the publications for each of the two economies (whole counts). This indicator is therefore normalised for publication output.