Methodology: https://www.oecd.org/fossil-fuels/methodology/:
National Data: http://stats.oecd.org/wbos/fileview2.aspx?IDFile81561a30-0f52-4c7b-8946-9eeb28e73f01
OECD Fossil Fuel Support Portal: https://www.oecd.org/fossil-fuels/
Contact:
[email protected]Source: OECD Companion to the Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels 2021
Last updated: December 2025, annual data. Data for 2024 are preliminary and may contain OECD-generated estimates.
Key statistical concept:
PSE: Producer Support Estimate
GSSE: General Services Support Estimate
CSE: Consumer Support Estimate
EXTRACT: Extraction or mining stage
TRANS: Transportation of fossil fuels (e.g., through pipelines)
REFIN: Refining or processing stage
GENER: Use of fossil fuels in ectricity generation
INDUS: Use of fossil fuels in the industrial sector
END: Other end uses of fossil fuels
consumption: Direct consumption
returns: Output Returns
income: Enterprise Income
inputs: Cost of Intermediate Inputs
labour: Labour
land: Land and natural resources
Other comments: 1) Fiscal cost of support measures for fossil fuels are based on information reported by countries through official documentation (e.g. budget reports). Support measures for which such information is not available are excluded from the aggregate amount reported in this table. In addition, support measures in certain countries may not have been exhaustively identified.
2) Tax expenditures are estimates of revenue that is foregone due to a particular feature of the tax system that reduces or postpones tax payments (relative to a jurisdiction’s benchmark tax system) to the benefit of fossil fuels’ producers or users. Hence, (i) tax expenditures estimates can increase either because of greater concessions (relative to the benchmark tax system) or because of an increase in the benchmark itself; (ii) cross-country comparisons of tax expenditures can be misleading due to country-specific benchmark tax systems.
3) Support measures for fossil fuels are included in the Inventory without reference to their economic or environmental effects. No judgment is therefore made as to whether such measures are inefficient or ought to be reformed.