GERD by sector of performance and type of institution
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Annual
Independent enterprises and enterprises within the domestic group
Million euro
North Macedonia
GERD by sector of performance and type of institution
R&D spending by institution type and country in 2024 (independent enterprises and enterprises within the domestic group, million euro)
In 2024, Spain had the highest value (4,484.49) among 8 countries, while Malta had the lowest (18).
| # | Country | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spain | 4,484.49 | +3.3% |
| 1 | Belgium (2023) | 1,665.38 | – |
| 2 | Poland | 2,501.48 | -17.5% |
| 2 | Finland (2023) | 916.79 | +11.8% |
| 3 | Austria (2023) | 904.77 | – |
| 3 | Greece | 719.35 | -9.7% |