Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector

The indicator measures gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP) — also called R&D intensity. The OECD’s Frascati Manual on collecting R&D data defines research and experimental development as creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge — including knowledge of humankind, culture and society — and to devise new applications of available knowledge.