Basic research - experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Basic research can be divided into pure and oriented basic research. Pure basic research - research carried out for the advancement of knowledge, without seeking long-term economic or social benefits or making any effort to apply the results to practical problems. Oriented basic research - research carried out with the expectation that it will produce a broad base of knowledge likely to form the background to the solution of recognised or expected current or future problems or possibilities. Applied research (including industrial)- original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. It consists in seeking practical applications for results of basic research or new solutions enabling achievement of previously established practical aims or objectives. Test models of products, processes and methods are the results of applied research. Industrial research means research aimed at the acquisition of new knowledge and skills for developing products, processes or services or for bringing about a significant improvement in existing products, processes or services. It comprises the creation of components of complex systems, notably for generic technology validation, to the exclusion of prototypes covered by experimental development. Experimental development - systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, that is directed to producing new materials, products or devices; to installing new processes, systems and services; or to improving substantially those already produced or installed. It practically does not exist in humanities. Experimental development should not be confused with implementation activities which go beyond the scope of research and development, especially related to the preparation of technical documentation, tooling, test installations, test batch of new products, introduction of modifications after tests, etc.