The volume index of GDP per capita in Purchasing Power Standards (PPS) is expressed in relation to the European Union average set to equal 100. An index value above 100 indicates that a country's GDP per capita is higher than the EU average, while a value below 100 signifies that it is lower. This index is often used to compare the economic well-being of populations. However, GDP includes certain components and transactions that are arguably less relevant to measuring a household's current material well-being. PPS is the technical term used by Eurostat to denote a common currency that eliminates the differences in price levels between countries allowing meaningful comparisons. PPS values are derived by dividing a country's economic aggregates in national currency by the respective PPPs. Data are primarily intended for cross-country comparisons rather than for comparisons over time.